![]() These adverse effects may occur immediately or may have a delayed onset. The long-lasting adverse Effects of the event(s) and how they are experienced are a critical component of trauma. They elicit a profound question of "Why me?" The individual's experience of these events or circumstances is shaped in the context of this powerlessness and questioning. Traumatic events by their very nature set up a power differential where one entity (whether an individual, an event, or a force of nature) has power over another. How the individual labels, assigns meaning to, and is disrupted physically and psychologically by an event will contribute to whether or not it is experienced as traumatic. A particular event may be experienced as traumatic for one individual and not for another. The individual's Experience of these events or circumstances and the way in which it shapes the individual's worldview helps to determine whether the events were traumatic. natural disasters, abuse, physical or sexual violence, etc.) or severe, life-threatening neglect that imperils a child's healthy development. Events and circumstances may include the actual or extreme threat of physical or psychological harm (i.e. The Threes Es describe how an event, and the experiences or perception of an event, can have unique effects on a particular individual's well-being. Inherent in the definition are the "Three Es" an Event, an Experience of the event and the Effects. PBuilding on input from researchers, practitioners, and people with lived experience, SAMHSA developed the following definition of trauma: "Individual trauma results from an event, series of events, or set of circumstances that is experienced by an individual as physically or emotionally harmful or life threatening and that has lasting adverse effects on the individual's functioning and mental, physical, social, emotional, or spiritual well-being." 5 ![]() Youth may experience multiple categories of traumatic events and circumstances – sexual abuse, bullying, and witnessing violence in the home or community, to name a few. Traumatic events and circumstances may happen as a single occurrence or repeatedly over time. The experience of trauma is complex and particular to each individual's life circumstances. This framework builds from the work of key thought leaders 3 4 in the field and is designed to be used across service systems that interface with youth – whether juvenile justice, child welfare, primary care, education, housing, and/or community support. SAMHSA's comprehensive public health approach to addressing trauma includes a framework that describes: trauma, a trauma-informed approach, key principles, and guidance for implementation of a trauma-informed approach. The initiative also focuses on using innovative strategies to reduce the involvement of individuals with trauma and behavioral health issues in the criminal and juvenile justice systems. SAMHSA's Trauma and Justice Strategic Initiative focuses on integrating a trauma-informed approach throughout health, behavioral health, and related systems to reduce the harmful effects of trauma and violence on individuals, families, and communities. Consequently, SAMHSA has supported the development and promulgation of trauma-informed systems of care. Over the last 20 years, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has been a leader in recognizing the need to address trauma as a fundamental obligation for public mental health and substance abuse service delivery. SAMHSA's Comprehensive Public Health Approach to Trauma ![]() This is why it is critical for all youth-serving systems to recognize the importance of addressing trauma in our prevention, treatment and recovery interventions. Depression hallucinations suicide substance abuse multiple sex partners, and heart, lung, and autoimmune disease 1 2 are but a few of the consequences of early traumatic experiences. ![]() Epidemiological research shows strongly proportional and significant relationships between trauma in childhood (adverse childhood experiences) and a variety of health, behavioral health, and social problems – even decades after the trauma. The impact of this violence over the lifespan is profound. Youth with significant traumatic experiences are found in every community and youth-serving system. Violence occurs at all ages and in all settings, and its consequences affect all of our communities and social institutions. Unaddressed trauma and violence against children, youth, and adults affects all of us. "SAMHSA's Concept of Trauma and Guidance for a Trauma-Informed Approach in Youth Settings" (2015)īy Rebecca B. Abstract: This article clarifies SAMHSA’s approach to trauma-informed care and offers guidance for implementing a trauma-informed approach through key principles, philosophies, and procedures.
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